<template> <v-container class="tutorials"> <app-bar title="Tutorials"></app-bar> <v-row> <v-col cols="12"> <p>Welcome to PETRA, your comprehensive tool for managing your prototyping cycles in your design process. It is designed for novice design teams, offering a structured approach that integrates an adapted Double Diamond Model and adapted PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle. In this tutorial, we'll guide you through how to effectively utilize PETRA to achieve your goal of enhancing your prototyping projects.</p> <h1>1. Introduction to PETRA</h1> <p>The goal of your journey is to go from an idea to a product concept through various prototyping iterations. This product concept can also be called a Final Prototype, a version of a product with just enough features to be usable by early customers, demonstrating a working prototype for the addressed problem. The three lenses of human-centered design help you to design an innovative product: desirability (what do people want), feasibility (can we build it), and viability (is there someone willing to pay for it). As a designer, you also have the moral and ethical obligation to be responsible for your designs and their impacts. You have the opportunity to infuse sustainability concepts into the products you design. This early-stage product development process, often referred to as the fuzzy front-end of innovation, can be quite confusing and new for novice teams, which usually consist of individuals from various disciplines. It's risky to develop a full product before testing a concept in the market. Therefore, you need to conduct experiments to test your assumptions. This process is called prototyping and includes the building and testing of your prototypes.</p> <h1>2. The Prescriptive Model</h1> <p>The Prescriptive Model is instrumental in streamlining your design process, providing a clear roadmap, and aiding in making informed decisions at every stage of your prototyping journey.</p> <br> <h2>Introduction to the Prescriptive Model</h2> <p>The Prescriptive Model within PETRA plays a crucial role in offering a structured development process for design education. It is designed to address the challenges faced by novice teams in product development and innovation. Let's explore its significance:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Structured Development Process:</strong> The Prescriptive Model offers a well-defined and structured development process that helps novice teams navigate the complexities of design challenges. It provides a clear path from ideation to a working version of the product concept.</li> <li><strong>Guidance for Novice Teams:</strong> Novice designers often grapple with the intricacies of product development. The Prescriptive Model acts as a guiding framework, offering step-by-step instructions and methodologies to ensure that even novice teams can make meaningful progress.</li> </ul> <br> <h2>Theoretical Foundation</h2> <br> <h3>The Adapted Double Diamond Model</h3> <p>The Prescriptive Model is built upon the foundation of the adapted Double Diamond Model. This model serves as the overarching structure for your design journey. It divides the development process into distinct phases, ensuring that you cover all critical aspects of your project. The adapted Double Diamond Model includes:</p> <v-row no-gutters class="justify-center text-center mb-5"> <v-col cols="10"> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 900px; margin: 0 auto;"> <v-img :src="require('../../assets/double-diamond-details.png')" contain class="shrink mt-5 mb-3" max-width="100%"/> </div> </v-col> <v-col cols="10"> <span>Adapted Double Diamond Model – Development Process Roadmap</span> </v-col> </v-row> <ul> <li><strong>Problem Understanding:</strong> In this phase, you gain a deep understanding of the problem you're addressing. It involves research, observation, interviews, and testing to identify the core issues. The result is a problem pretotype that describes the overall problem that you are tackling.</li> <li><strong>Problem Decomposition:</strong> Once the problem is understood, it's broken down into sub-problems. This phase helps define the specific challenges that can be solved through targeted user feedback. The result is a problem prototype that shows the final set of problems that can be solved through targeted user feedback.</li> <li><strong>Requirements Elicitation:</strong> Collecting requirements for the sub-problems is essential. Interviews, questionnaires, user observations, workshops, and prototyping with users are all part of this phase. The result of this phase is a solution pretotype 1 that are artifacts created to test if the requirement or alternative requirements are useful.</li> <li><strong>Requirements Selection:</strong> After gathering requirements, it's time to select the final ones. The selected requirements are tested through initial solution prototypes. The result of this phase is a solution pretotype 2, which are artifacts created to test the requirements to be selected, and a problem definition/requirements list that describes the problem you defined in steps 1-2.</li> <li><strong>Function Exploration:</strong> This phase involves brainstorming and thinking of different functions that can address the requirements. The result of such a phase is a solution prototype 1 focusing on the functionality of the desired product (works-like).</li> <li><strong>Embodiment Design:</strong> Here, you determine how to realize the functions identified in the previous phase. The result of such a phase is a solution prototype 2 focusing on the looks of the desired product (looks-like).</li> <li><strong>Integration Design:</strong> Integration of all technical components into a cohesive design takes place in this phase, resulting in an integration prototype. The result is an integration prototype by combining the functional- and model prototypes.</li> <li><strong>User Testing & Feedback:</strong> The final prototype is tested with users to validate the solution and demonstrate a working version of the product concept. This phase culminates in a final prototype that is a working version of the product concept and shows by user feedback that the problem was adequately solved and convincing to invest in the product.</li> </ul> <br> <v-row no-gutters class="justify-center text-center mb-5"> <v-col cols="10"> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 1000px; margin: 0 auto;"> <v-img :src="require('../../assets/table.png')" contain class="shrink mt-5 mb-3" max-width="100%"/> </div> </v-col> <v-col cols="10"> <span>Activities & Methods – Overview of Activities & Methods</span> </v-col> </v-row> <br> <h3>The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle</h3> <p>The PDCA cycle is an integral part of the Prescriptive Model. It provides a framework for continuous improvement within each phase of the adapted Double Diamond Model. The PDCA cycle consists of four key steps: Plan, Do, Check, and Act.</p> <v-row no-gutters class="justify-center text-center mb-5"> <v-col cols="10"> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 250px; margin: 0 auto;"> <v-img :src="require('../../assets/prototyping-cycle.png')" contain class="shrink mt-5 mb-3" max-width="100%"/> </div> </v-col> <v-col cols="10"> <span>PDCA Cycle – Daily prototyping cycle</span> </v-col> </v-row> <ul> <li><strong>Plan:</strong> Define specific objectives and goals for your prototyping cycle.</li> <li><strong>Do:</strong> Execute the tasks and activities outlined in your initial plan.</li> <li><strong>Check:</strong> Document and Evaluate the outcomes against your initial objectives of the cycle.</li> <li><strong>Act:</strong> Based on the insights gained in the "Check" phase, take informed actions to plan for the next cycle and select the next sub-phase.</li> </ul> <br> <h1>3. Implementing the Prescriptive Model in Your Workflow</h1> <p>Now that you have a comprehensive understanding of the Prescriptive Model, let's explore how to effectively implement it into your workflow. This step-by-step guide will help you integrate the Prescriptive Model seamlessly into your design process.</p> <h4>Step 1. Ideation and Initial Idea</h4> <p><strong>Ideation and Initial Idea:</strong> Begin your design journey with an ideation phase where your team brainstorms and generates an initial idea for your project. This step is not part of the PETRA Tool but is crucial to the creative process. Select a specific problem or project topic to work on during this phase.</p> <h4>Step 2: Prescriptive Model Phases</h4> <br> <p><strong>Progress Through Sub-Phases Sequentially:</strong> After finalizing your initial idea, start with the Problem Understanding Phase. Follow the sequence of sub-phases within each phase of the adapted Double Diamond Model. This includes Problem Decomposition, Requirements Elicitation, Requirements Selection, Function Exploration, Embodiment Design, Integration Design, and User Testing & Feedback. Progress through these sub-phases sequentially, ensuring that you cover all critical aspects of your project.</p> <p><strong>Iterate Within Sub-Phases:</strong> While the recommended sequence is to move through the sub-phases sequentially, your team has the flexibility to iterate within a sub-phase if you believe more information is needed before progressing to the next. This allows you to gather sufficient insights and make informed decisions.</p> <h4>Step 3: PDCA Cycle Integration</h4> <p>At each sub-phase of the adapted Double Diamond Model, integrate the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Plan:</strong> Start each day with a daily standup meeting where you define the objectives of the current prototyping cycle within the sub-phase. Additionally, establish a clear definition of done for the tasks you'll be working on during the day.</li> <li><strong>Do:</strong> Begin working on the defined tasks, splitting them among team members as necessary. Document the time spent on each task as you complete them.</li> <li><strong>Check:</strong> At the end of the day or cycle (as needed), come together as a team for a reflective session. Evaluate how many of the defined objectives (definition of done) were achieved during the day or cycle.</li> <li><strong>Act:</strong> Based on the reflections, plan for the next day or cycle within the same sub-phase. Decide whether to proceed to the next sub-phase or continue working on the current one.</li> </ul> <br> <h1>4. Tool Utilization</h1> <p><strong>The Project Manager plays a crucial role in overseeing the PETRA Tool and ensuring that the workflow is effectively managed. They have an overview of the entire project and facilitate the smooth execution of the Prescriptive Model within the team.</p> <p><strong>Creating Prototyping Cycles:</strong> Initiate new prototyping cycles within the tool, aligning them with the respective sub-phases of the adapted Double Diamond Model.</p> <p><strong>Kanban Board Management:</strong> Within each cycle, use the Kanban Board to create tasks, assign ownership, set reviewers, allocate labels, specify prototyping purposes, and estimate efforts.</p> <p><strong>Task Progression:</strong> Tasks move through phases like "To-Do," "In Progress," and "Done" as team members work on them. Ensure that task owners and reviewers collaborate effectively.</p> <br> <h1>5. Reflection and Next Steps</h1> <p>After completing each prototyping cycle or at the end of each day (as required), conduct a reflective session. Evaluate the outcomes and rate the extent to which your objectives were met. Both the team and the Project Manager should participate in this reflection.</p> <p>As part of the reflection, upload representative images of the respective prototype milestone achieved during the cycle.</p> <p>Based on the insights gained from the reflection, plan for the next day or cycle within the same sub-phase. Decide whether to stay in the current sub-phase or move on to the next one. Plan the tasks and objectives for the next working day.</p> <br> <h1>6. Continuous Improvement</h1> <p><strong>Iterate and Repeat:</strong> Continue this workflow iteratively as you progress through the sub-phases. Each day presents an opportunity to enhance your design and prototype, ensuring a structured and iterative approach to product development and innovation.</p> <p><strong>Restarting the Double Diamond:</strong> If you find yourself at a dead-end or facing significant challenges within a sub-phase, consider restarting the diamond you are currently in. Basically, restarting with the first diamond from problem understanding or with the second diamond from feature exploration. This allows your team to revisit and refine the problem understanding or requirements before proceeding.</p> <p>The central tool to manage your process is: <a href="dashboard"><strong>the PETRA Tool</strong></a>. The tool comprises all elements of the prescriptive model and facilitates the execution.</p> <p><strong>If any of the above were confusing to you, don't worry. Approach the research team (<a href="mailto:petra.lpl@ed.tum.de">petra.lpl@ed.tum.de</a>) for support on the tool as well as the methodology itself. Happy prototyping!</strong></p> </v-col> </v-row> </v-container> </template> <script> import AppBar from "@/components/AppBar"; import VimeoPlayer from "@/components/VimeoPlayer"; export default { name: "Tutorials", components: {VimeoPlayer, AppBar}, } </script> <style scoped> </style>